Object Metadata
Roman Army of Vespasian and its camp-followers plunder Cremona for four days.

Related Conflict :Battle of Cremona, Year of the Four Emperors
Perpetrator (Group) :
  • Roman Army of Vespasian Origin: Mixed, Age: adult, Activity: soldier
  • Roman Army of Vespasian Origin: Mixed, Age: mixed, Activity: camp follower
  •  
    Victim (Group) :
  • Population of Cremona Origin: Mixed, Age: mixed, Activity: mixed
  •  
    Third Party (Person) :
  • Marcus Antonius Primus Origin: Roman, Age: adult, Activity: commander/general, Reaction: doing nothing/standing by
  •  
    Level :intersocial
    Source :Cornelius Tacitus, Histories 3.33 Paste CTS-Link
    Location :Cremona (Cremona)
    Time Periode :Roman Empire
    Century :A.D. 1
    Year :A.D. 69
     
    Context :sack
    war/military campaign
    Motivation :economical
    Long-Term Consequence :destruction/devastation
     
    Original Text :faces in manibus, quas, ubi praedam egesserant, in vacuas domos et inania templa per lasciviam iaculabantur; utque exercitu vario linguis moribus, cui cives socii externi interessent, diversae cupidines et aliud cuique fas nec quicquam inlicitum. per quadriduum Cremona suffecit. cum omnia sacra profanaque in igne considerent, solum Mefitis templum stetit ante moenia, loco seu numine defensum.
     
    Translation :In their hands were flaming torches, which, as soon as they had carried out the spoil, they wantonly hurled into the gutted houses and plundered temples. In an army which included such varieties of language and character, an army comprising Roman citizens, allies, and foreigners, there was every kind of lust, each man had a law of his own, and nothing was forbidden. For four days Cremona satisfied the plunderers. When all things else, sacred and profane, were settling down into the flames, the temple of Mephitis outside the walls alone remained standing, saved by its situation or by divine interposition.
     
    Edition :Historiae. Cornelius Tacitus. Charles Dennis Fisher. Clarendon Press. Oxford. 1911.

    Complete Works of Tacitus. Tacitus. Alfred John Church. William Jackson Brodribb. Sara Bryant. edited for Perseus. New York. : Random House, Inc. Random House, Inc. 1873. reprinted 1942.
     
    Remark :thirdperson: The inaction of the generals, specifically Antonius Primus, who possibly by misinterpretation even encouraged the violence, is described in Tac.Ann.3.32.
    Notes :For other acts of violence during this event, please refer to the conflict: "Battle of Cremona."
     
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    Created at :2020-12-03 : 02:04:15
    Last changed :2020-12-07 : 11:04:23
    MyCoRe ID :Antiquity_violence_00006830
    Static URL :https://ml-s-eris.rrz.uni-hamburg.de/receive/Antiquity_violence_00006830