Object Metadata
Soldiers under Germanicus take heavy losses, trapped between a fire and enemy missiles.

Related Conflict :Pannonian-Dalmatian Revolt
Perpetrator (Group) :
  • Pannonian-Dalmataean Rebels Origin: Mixed, Age: adult, Activity: soldier
  •  
    Victim (Group) :
  • Roman Army of Augustus Origin: Mixed, Age: adult, Activity: soldier, Reaction: flight, Direct Consequence: losses
  •  
     
    Level :intersocial
    Source :Lucius Cassius Dio, Roman History 56.11.4 Paste CTS-Link
    Time Periode :Roman Empire
    Century :A.D. 1
    Year :A.D. 9
     
    Context :war/military campaign
    revolt
    siege
    Motivation :tactical/strategical
    Application :burning
    throwing weapon
    shooting
    Weapon :javelin
    bow
    Long-Term Consequence :death
    retreat
     
    Original Text :ἐντεῦθεν δὲ ἐπὶ Ῥαίτινον ἐλθόντες οὐχ ὁμοίως ἀπήλλαξαν. οἱ γὰρ ἐναντίοι βιαζόμενοι τῷ πλήθει σφῶν, καὶ μὴ δυνάμενοι ἀντέχειν, πῦρ ἐθελούσιοι ἔς τε τὸν κύκλον πέριξ καὶ ἐς τὰ οἰκοδομήματα πλησίον αὐτοῦ ἐνέβαλον, μηχανησάμενοι ὅπως ὅτι μάλιστα μὴ παραχρῆμα ἐκλάμψῃ ἀλλ᾽ ἐπὶ χρόνον τινὰ διαλάθῃ. καὶ οἱ μὲν τοῦτο ποιήσαντες ἐς τὴν ἄκραν ἀνεχώρησαν: ἀγνοοῦντες δὲ οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι τὸ πεπραγμένον ἐπεσέπεσον ὡς καὶ αὐτοβοεὶ πάντα διαρπάσοντες, καὶ εἴσω τε τῆς τοῦ πυρὸς περιβολῆς ἐγένοντο, καὶ οὐ πρότερον εἶδον αὐτό, πρὸς τοὺς πολεμίους τὸν νοῦν ἔχοντες, πρὶν πανταχόθεν ὑπ᾽ αὐτοῦ περιληφθῆναι. τότε δὲ ἐν παντὶ κινδύνου ἐγένοντο, ἄνωθεν μὲν ὑπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων βαλλόμενοι, ἔξωθεν δὲ ὑπὸ τῆς φλογὸς κακούμενοι, καὶ μήτε κατὰ χώραν ἀσφαλῶς μεῖναι μήτε πῃ διαπεσεῖν ἀκινδύνως δυνάμενοι. εἴτε γὰρ ἔξω βέλους ἀφίσταντο, πρὸς τοῦ πυρὸς ἀναλοῦντο, εἴτ᾽ ἀπὸ τῆς φλογὸς ἀπεπήδων, πρὸς τῶν βαλλόντων ἐφθείροντο: καί τινες ἐν στενοχωρίᾳ ἀπ᾽ ἀμφοτέρων ἅμα ἀπώλοντο, τῇ μὲν τιτρωσκόμενοι τῇ δὲ καιόμενοι. οἱ μὲν οὖν πλείους τῶν ἐσελθόντων οὕτως ἀπήλλαξαν: ὀλίγοι δέ τινες νεκροὺς ἐς αὐτὴν τὴν φλόγα ἐμβαλόντες, καὶ δίοδόν σφισι δι᾽ αὐτῶν καθάπερ ἐπὶ γεφύρας ποιήσαντες, διέφυγον.
     
    Translation :From there the troops of Germanicus came to Raetinum, but did not fare so well here. For the enemy, overwhelmed by their numbers and unable to withstand them, set fire of their own accord to the encircling wall and to the houses adjoining it, contriving, however, to keep it so far as possible from blazing up at once and to make it go unnoticed for some time; after doing this they retired to the citadel. The Romans, ignorant of what they had done, rushed in after them, expecting to sack the whole place without striking a blow; thus they got inside the circle of fire, and, with their minds intent upon the enemy, saw nothing of it until they were surrounded by it on all sides. Then they found themselves in the direst peril, being pelted by the men from above and injured by the fire from without. They could neither remain where they were safely nor force their way out anywhere without danger. For if they stood out of range of the missiles, they were scorched by the fire, or, if they leaped back from the flames, they were destroyed by the missiles; and some who got caught in a tight place perished from both causes at once, being wounded on one side and burned on the other. The majority of those who had rushed into the town met this fate; but some few escaped by casting corpses into the flames and making a passage for themselves by using the bodies as a bridge.
     
    Edition :Dio's Roman History. Cassius Dio Cocceianus. Earnest Cary. Herbert Baldwin Foster. William Heinemann, Harvard University Press. London; New York. 1914-.
     
    Remark :topology: The location of Raetinum is unknown.
    long-term consequence: The fire later forced the defending rebels to retreat during the night as well. (56.11.7)
     
    Basket :Add to basket...
    Share/Save :Share/Save
     
    Created at :2021-02-28 : 10:58:30
    Last changed :2021-03-16 : 09:59:12
    MyCoRe ID :Antiquity_violence_00008053
    Static URL :https://ml-s-eris.rrz.uni-hamburg.de/receive/Antiquity_violence_00008053