Object Metadata
The army of Septimius Severus kills fleeing inhabitants of Byzantium by ramming and sinking their ships.

Related Conflict :Siege of Byzantium 193-196AD
Perpetrator (Group) :
  • Roman Army of Septimius Severus Origin: Mixed, Age: adult, Activity: soldier
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    Victim (Group) :
  • Origin: Byzantine, Age: mixed, Activity: mixed, Reaction: confusion, Direct Consequence: death
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    Third Party (Group) :
  • Origin: Byzantine, Age: mixed, Activity: mixed, Reaction: grief
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    Level :intersocial
    Source :Lucius Cassius Dio, Roman History 75.13.2 Paste CTS-Link
    Location :Byzantion/Byzantium/Constantinople (Istanbul)
    Time Periode :Roman Empire
    Century :A.D. 2
     
    Context :siege
    naval battle
    Motivation :tactical/strategical
    Application :other
    Weapon :other/commentary
    Long-Term Consequence :surrender
    conquest
     
    Original Text :οὗτοι μὲν οὖν ἐν τούτοις ἦσαν, οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐπεὶ τὰ σκάφη καὶ ὑπὲρ τὴν δύναμιν αὐτῶν κατεγέμισαν, ἦραν χειμῶνα μέγαν καὶ τότε ἐπιτηρήσαντες. οὐ μὴν καὶ ὤναντό γε αὐτοῦ: οἱ γὰρ Ῥωμαῖοι καταβαρεῖς αὐτοὺς καὶ βραχὺ πάνυ τοῦ ὕδατος ὑπερέχοντας ἰδόντες ἀντανήχθησαν, καὶ αὐτοῖς ἐσκεδασμένοις, ὥς που καὶ ὁ ἄνεμος καὶ ὁ κλύδων ἦγε, προσπίπτοντες ναυμαχίας μὲν οὐδὲν ἔργον ἔσχον, τὰ δὲ δὴ πλοῖα αὐτῶν ἀφειδῶς ἔκοπτον, πολλὰ μὲν τοῖς κοντοῖς ὠθοῦντες, πολλὰ δὲ καὶ τοῖς ἐμβόλοις ἀναρρηγνύντες, ἔστι δ᾽ ἃ καὶ αὐτῇ τῇ προσβολῇ σφῶν ἀνατρέποντες. καὶ ἐκεῖνοι δρᾶσαι μὲν οὐδέν, οὐδ᾽ εἰ τὰ μάλιστα ἤθελον, ἠδύναντο: διαφυγεῖν δέ πῃ πειρώμενοι οἱ μὲν ὑπὸ τοῦ πνεύματος, ἀπλήστως αὐτῷ χρώμενοι, ἐβαπτίζοντο, οἱ δ᾽ ὑπὸ τῶν ἐναντίων καταλαμβανόμενοι διώλλυντο. θεώμενοι δὲ ταῦτα οἱ ἐν τῷ Βυζαντίῳ τέως μὲν ἐθεοκλύτουν καὶ ἐπεβόων ἄλλοτε ἄλλοι τοῖς γινομένοις, ὡς ἑκάστῳ τι τῆς θέας ἐκείνης ἢ τοῦ πάθους προσέπιπτεν: ἐπεὶ δὲ πανσυδὶ αὐτοὺς ἀπολλυμένους εἶδον, τότε δὴ ἀθρόοι καὶ ἀνῴμωξαν καὶ ἀνεθρήνησαν, κἀκ τούτου τό τε λοιπὸν τῆς ἡμέρας καὶ τὴν νύκτα πᾶσαν ἐπένθουν.
     
    Translation :The rest, when they had laden their boats with even more than these could bear, set sail, after waiting this time also for a great storm. They did not succeed, however, in profiting by it; for the Romans, observing that their vessels were overheavy and weighted down almost to the water's edge, put out against them. So they fell upon the craft, which were scattered about as wind and wave carried them, and what followed was anything but a naval battle; for they simply battered the enemy's boats mercilessly, thrusting at many of them with their boat-hooks, ripping many open with their beaks, and even capsizing some by their mere onset. The people in the boats were unable to do anything, however much they might wish; and when they attempted to escape anywhere, they would either be sunk by the force of the wind, to which they spread their sails to the full, or else would be overtaken by the enemy and destroyed. The people in Byzantium, as they watched this scene, for a time kept calling on the gods for help, and uttering various shouts at the different incidents, according as one was affected by the spectacle or the disaster. But when they saw their friends perishing all together, the united throng sent up a chorus of groans and lamentations, and after that they mourned for the rest of the day and the whole night.
     
    Edition :Dio's Roman History. Cassius Dio Cocceianus. Earnest Cary. Herbert Baldwin Foster. William Heinemann, Harvard University Press. London; New York. 1914-.
     
     
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    Created at :2021-04-01 : 10:29:37
    Last changed :2021-04-09 : 12:17:04
    MyCoRe ID :Antiquity_violence_00008658
    Static URL :https://ml-s-eris.rrz.uni-hamburg.de/receive/Antiquity_violence_00008658